Adichanallur Excavation

The Village Gods of South India

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  தமிழக நாட்டுப்புற பாடல்கள்-ஒரு ஆய்வு.   எங்க ஊரு அய்யனார் கோவில் .  "களிமண்ணால யானை செல குதிர செல செஞ்சுவச்சா  ஒடஞ்சுபோயிடுதுன்னு,  கருப்பு கருங்கல்லால யானை செல குதிர செல செஞ்சுவச்சாக  எங்க முப்பாட்டன் பரம்பர" The Village Gods of South India The worship of village-gods is the most ancient form of the beliefs, customs, and practices of the primitive tribes prevalent in South India, as in the case of other similar ancient cultures in Western Asia, in the transition period from the nomadic to the pastoral and the agricultural phases of life. Most of the grama-devatas (village-deities) are con¬ ceived of not as supreme cosmic powers, but only as local deities with jurisdiction limited to the village concerned. The fertility-cult and the predominant role of women in an agricultural economy were perhaps responsible for most of these deties (except Ayyanar and some of the guardian deities) being regarded as female. Ayyanar (pi. 1-a), also known variously as Ary...
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 Ramalinga Swamigal


Popularly known as Vallalar, Ramalinga Swamigal or Ramalinga Adigal (1823–1874), was born in Marudhur, a village near Chidambaram. After his father’s death, his family moved to his brother’s house in Chennai. Despite having no formal education gained immense scholarship. Ramalinga emphasised the bonds of responsibility and compassion between living beings. He expressed the view that ‘those who lack compassion for suffering beings are hard-hearted, their wisdom clouded’.  He showed his compassion and mercy on all living beings, including plants. This he called jeevakarunya. He established the Samarasa Vedha Sanmarga Sangam in 1865, and it was renamed “Samarasa Suddha Sanmarga Satya Sanga”, which means “Society for Pure Truth in Universal Selfhood”. Ramalinga also established a free feeding house for everyone irrespective of caste, at Vadalur (1867), in the wake of a terrible famine in South India in 1866. His voluminous songs were compiled and published under the title Thiruvarutpa (Songs of Grace).

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